Western Sahara

source : World Fact Book 2008 (October 2008)

   Introduction    Western Sahara
Background:
Definition Field Listing Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. In April 2007, Morocco presented an autonomy plan for the territory to the UN, which the U.S. considers serious and credible. The Polisario also presented a plan to the UN in 2007. Since June 2007, representatives from the Government of Morocco and the Polisario Front have met four times to negotiate the status of Western Sahara.
   Geography    Western Sahara
Location:
Definition Field Listing Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing 24 30 N, 13 00 W
Map references:
Definition Field Listing Africa
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 266,000 sq km
land: 266,000 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing about the size of Colorado
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing 1,110 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
Climate:
Definition Field Listing hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m
highest point: unnamed elevation 805 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing phosphates, iron ore
Land use:
Definition Field Listing arable land: 0.02%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.98% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing NA
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing sparse water and lack of arable land
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas
   People    Western Sahara
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 393,831
note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing 0-14 years: 45.1% (male 90,306/female 87,498)
15-64 years: 52.6% (male 101,730/female 105,313)
65 years and over: 2.3% (male 3,786/female 5,198) (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing 2.868% NA (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 39.95 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing NA
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 71.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 71.22 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 71.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total population: 53.92 years NA
male: 51.64 years NA
female: 56.31 years NA (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA 5.69 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)
adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing Arab, Berber
Religions:
Definition Field Listing Muslim
Languages:
Definition Field Listing Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing NA
   Government    Western Sahara
Country name:
Definition Field Listing conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Western Sahara
former: Spanish Sahara
Government type:
Definition Field Listing legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991 (Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara or MINURSO
Capital:
Definition Field Listing none
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing none (under de facto control of Morocco)
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing none
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing none
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing none
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing none
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing none
   Economy    Western Sahara
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. Incomes in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. The Moroccan Government controls all trade and other economic activities in Western Sahara. Morocco and the EU signed a four-year agreement in July 2006 allowing European vessels to fish off the coast of Morocco, including the disputed waters off the coast of Western Sahara. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. However, in 2006 the Polisario awarded similar exploration licenses in the disputed territory, which would come into force if Morocco and the Polisario resolve their dispute over Western Sahara.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $NA
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing $NA
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA%
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $NA
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: 40%
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 12,000 (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing agriculture: 50%
industry and services: 50% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA%
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA%
Budget:
Definition Field Listing revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads); fish
Industries:
Definition Field Listing phosphate mining, handicrafts
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA%
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 85 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 79.05 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2005)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1,750 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1,698 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $NA
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing phosphates 62%
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $NA
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing $NA
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $NA
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.3563 (2007), 8.7722 (2006), 8.865 (2005), 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing calendar year
   Communications    Western Sahara
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order about 2,000 (1999 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 (1999)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing general assessment: sparse and limited system
domestic: NA
international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing NA
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing .eh
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA
   Transportation    Western Sahara
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 9 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 2 (2007)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)
   Military    Western Sahara
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Definition Field Listing male: 4,658
female: 4,545 (2008 est.)
   Transnational Issues    Western Sahara
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; several states have extended diplomatic relations to the "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" represented by the Polisario Front in exile in Algeria, while others recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara; most of the approximately 102,000 Sahrawi refugees are sheltered in camps in Tindouf, Algeria



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Source : CIA's World Fact Book 2008

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