Qatar

source : World Fact Book 2008 (October 2008)

SEE UPDATED INFORMATION HERE

   Introduction    Qatar
Background:
Definition Field Listing Ruled by the Al-Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the Amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al-Thani, overthrew him in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. As of 2007, oil and natural gas revenues had enabled Qatar to attain the highest per capita income in the world.
   Geography    Qatar
Location:
Definition Field Listing Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing 25 30 N, 51 15 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing Middle East
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 11,437 sq km
land: 11,437 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing slightly smaller than Connecticut
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing total: 60 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing 563 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line
Climate:
Definition Field Listing arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing petroleum, natural gas, fish
Land use:
Definition Field Listing arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 98.09% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing 130 sq km (2002)
Total renewable water resources:
Definition Field Listing 0.1 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Definition Field Listing total: 0.29 cu km/yr (24%/3%/72%)
per capita: 358 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
   People    Qatar
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 824,789 (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing 0-14 years: 21.8% (male 92,896/female 87,201)
15-64 years: 76.8% (male 451,127/female 182,330)
65 years and over: 1.4% (male 6,545/female 4,690) (2008 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing total: 30.7 years
male: 32.8 years
female: 25.4 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing 1.093% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 15.69 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.47 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order -2.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 2.47 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.4 male(s)/female
total population: 2.01 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 13.09 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total population: 75.19 years
male: 73.5 years
female: 76.98 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.47 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0.09% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order NA
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing noun: Qatari(s)
adjective: Qatari
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing Arab 40%, Indian 18%, Pakistani 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Religions:
Definition Field Listing Muslim 77.5%, Christian 8.5%, other 14% (2004 census)
Languages:
Definition Field Listing Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 89%
male: 89.1%
female: 88.6% (2004 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Definition Field Listing total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.3% of GDP (2005)
   Government    Qatar
Country name:
Definition Field Listing conventional long form: State of Qatar
conventional short form: Qatar
local long form: Dawlat Qatar
local short form: Qatar
note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Government type:
Definition Field Listing emirate
Capital:
Definition Field Listing name: Doha
geographic coordinates: 25 17 N, 51 32 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing 10 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal
Independence:
Definition Field Listing 3 September 1971 (from UK)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing Independence Day, 3 September (1971); also observed is National Day, 18 December
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the Amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing based on Islamic and civil law codes; discretionary system of law controlled by the Amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al-Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as heir apparent, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al-Thani, in a bloodless coup); Heir Apparent TAMIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, fourth son of the monarch (selected Heir Apparent by the monarch on 5 August 2003); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
head of government: Prime Minister HAMAD bin Jasim bin Jabir Al-Thani (since 3 April 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Abdallah bin Hamad al-ATIYAH (since 3 April 2007)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: the monarch is hereditary
note: in April 2007, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has limited consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services; the first election for the CMC was held in March 1999
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)
note: no legislative elections have been held since 1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every year since the new constitution came into force on 9 June 2005; the constitution provides for a new 45-member Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura; the public would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the Amir would appoint the remaining members; preparations are underway to conduct elections to the Majlis al-Shura
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing Courts of First Instance, Appeal, and Cassation; an Administrative Court and a Constitutional Court were established in 2007; note - all judges are appointed by Amiri Decree based on the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council for renewable three-year terms
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing none
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing none
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador Ali Fahad al-Shahwany al-HAJRI
chancery: 2555 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037
telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600 and 274-1603
FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061
consulate(s) general: Houston
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph E. LEBARON
embassy: Al-Luqta District, 22 February Road, Doha
mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha
telephone: [974] 488 4298
FAX: [974] 488 4176
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
   Economy    Qatar
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing Qatar is in the midst of an economic boom supported by its expanding production of natural gas and oil. Economic policy is focused on development of Qatar's nonassociated natural gas reserves and increasing private and foreign investment in non-energy sectors. Oil and gas account for more than 60% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar the highest per-capita income country and one of the world's fastest growing. Sustained high oil prices and increased natural gas exports in recent years have helped build Qatar's budget and trade surpluses and foreign reserves. Proved oil reserves of more than 15 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 22 years. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas are roughly 25 trillion cubic meters, about 15% of the world total and third largest in the world. Qatar has permitted substantial foreign investment in the development of its gas fields during the last decade and became the world's top liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter in 2007.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $71.42 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing $67.76 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 8.4% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $87,600 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing agriculture: 0.1%
industry: 77.8%
services: 22.1% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 881,000 (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0.7% (2007 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 13.7% (2007 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 43.3% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing revenues: $27.12 billion
expenditures: $22.55 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 11% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Industries:
Definition Field Listing crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 8% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 13.54 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 12.52 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2005)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 797,500 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 95,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 960,600 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 27.4 billion bbl (1 January 2007 est.)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 43.93 billion cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 17.93 billion cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 25.99 billion cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 0 cu m (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 25.79 trillion cu m (1 January 2007 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $10.41 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $42.02 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing Japan 50.1%, Singapore 12.4%, India 6.5%, Thailand 6.1%, UAE 5.1% (2007)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $19.86 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing US 14.2%, Italy 11.5%, Japan 9.5%, France 8.4%, Germany 7.7%, UK 6%, UAE 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.6% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing $2.18 million (2004)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $9.752 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $33.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $11.18 billion (2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $5.625 billion (2007 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order $61.56 billion (2006)
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing Qatari rial (QAR)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2007), 3.64 (2006), 3.64 (2005), 3.64 (2004), 3.64 (2003)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing 1 April - 31 March
   Communications    Qatar
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 237,400 (2007)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1.264 million (2007)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing general assessment: modern system centered in Doha
domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density is roughly 130 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and the US; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and the UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing 1 (plus 3 repeaters) (2001)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing .qa
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 19 (2007)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 351,000 (2007)
   Transportation    Qatar
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 5 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 3
over 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Heliports:
Definition Field Listing 1 (2007)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing condensate 322 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 1,970 km; liquid petroleum gas 87 km; oil 741 km (2007)
Roadways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 7,761 km (2005)
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 21 ships (1000 GRT or over) 636,589 GRT/939,030 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 2, chemical tanker 2, container 8, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 4
foreign-owned: 7 (Kuwait 7)
registered in other countries: 4 (Liberia 3, Panama 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing Doha, Ra's Laffan
   Military    Qatar
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing Qatari Amiri Land Force (QALF), Qatari Amiri Navy (QAN), Qatari Amiri Air Force (QAAF) (2007)
Military service age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2008)
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field Listing males age 16-49: 320,383
females age 16-49: 167,475 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing males age 16-49: 258,159
females age 16-49: 143,999 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Definition Field Listing male: 6,224
female: 4,845 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order 10% of GDP (2005 est.)
   Transnational Issues    Qatar
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing none
Trafficking in persons:
Definition Field Listing current situation: Qatar is a destination country for men and women from South and Southeast Asia who migrate willingly, but are subsequently trafficked into involuntary servitude as domestic workers and laborers, and, to a lesser extent, commercial sexual exploitation; the most common offense was forcing workers to accept worse contract terms than those under which they were recruited; other conditions include bonded labor, withholding of pay, restrictions on movement, arbitrary detention, and physical, mental, and sexual abuse
tier rating: Tier 3 - Qatar failed, for the second consecutive year, to enforce criminal laws against traffickers, or to provide an effective mechanism to identify and protect victims; it continues to detain and deport victims rather than providing them protection; the government made little progress to increase prosecutions for trafficking in a meaningful way in 2007; workers complaining of working conditions or non-payment of wages were sometimes penalized (2008)



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Source : CIA's World Fact Book 2008

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